"Being collegial doesn’t have to mean saying yes to every social invitation, especially when you’re uncomfortable." UN Special Adviser Tutu Morgan, takes today's dilemma. I’m 28 and work as a consultant, often traveling to different client offices abroad. During a recent international site visit, a senior partner casually suggested I join him for a nightcap after dinner. I felt pressured to say yes, even though I was tired and uncomfortable with the idea. I didn’t want to seem rude, uncooperative, or like I wasn’t a “team player.” I keep wondering if my professional reputation would have suffered if I’d declined — or if agreeing sent the wrong message. How do I navigate situations where social pressure blurs professional boundaries without risking my career progress? Oh, I’ve been there – that moment where you’re smiling politely, weighing whether saying no will make you seem standoffish or “difficult.” Especially early in your career, and in client-facing roles like consulting, the unspoken rules can feel really heavy. But here’s the truth: you don’t owe anyone your presence after hours, especially if it compromises your comfort. Saying no to a nightcap doesn’t make you less professional or less committed. It just means you’re drawing a healthy line, and that’s something I wish more women felt empowered to do. Being collegial doesn’t have to mean saying yes to every social invitation, especially when you’re uncomfortable. A polite but firm "I'm heading to rest up for tomorrow" is both professional and completely valid. In my experience, the people worth working with, and for, will respect those boundaries. Those who don't reveal themselves quickly. Over time, I’ve found that maintaining my professionalism actually earned more respect than trying to blend into every after-hours situation. International consulting demands a lot of stamina and judgment; guarding your energy and integrity is not a weakness, it's a strength. Trust that you can build strong relationships during working hours, and don’t be afraid to invest in the kind of reputation that puts your skills, not your social availability, at the center. Over time, I have learned that boundaries aren’t barriers; they’re anchors. You can still be respected, successful, and even well-liked without stretching yourself thin socially. The right people – the ones who value your contribution – won’t measure your worth by your willingness to drink with them at 10pm. You get to decide how you show up in your career, and doing so with clarity and self-respect will serve you far more than any single night out ever could. Tutu is a special adviser to the UNGA Secretary General, based in Geneva Switzerland. She has over a decade of UN experience, starting off as an Intern at UNDP. She has a BA in Journalism and a MA in Political Communications. | Back to Dilemmas

"Being micromanaged is not a reflection of your capability, nor is it a call for you to try harder or do more." UN Special Adviser Tutu Morgan, takes today's dilemma. I've been working in my current job for the last 18 months, and recently got a new manager, about 6 months ago. Initially everything was fine, she had high expectations, which I felt was good for my professional development. However, the last few weeks have been hell. She picks apart everything I do, down to the tiniest details, triple-checks most of my emails, and doesn't allow me to hold my own meetings, attending every single meeting I have with other colleagues. She mentioned that she thinks I'm underperforming, but hasn't been able to articulate major issues - rather stylistic things and personal preferences, which I don't think is fair. How do I get to the root of her issue, without it escalating or having to report this formally? I'm keen to do better and improve where needed, but I'm at a loss for what I'm actually doing wrong. Firstly, I'm really sorry to hear that you are going through this. Micromanaging is something that is rarely spoken about, but is absolutely a form of workplace bullying that should not be tolerated in an organisation or company. Micromanaging blocks your independence, limits your ability to make decisions, and negatively impacts your learning and development. It can feel incredibly tough when you're not given a fair shot, and from the sounds of it, you want to do well and succeed in your job.

For Black professionals, hair has always been political. From corporate boardrooms to Zoom meetings, the question of how to style one’s hair isn’t just about aesthetics—it’s about survival. Protective styles like braids, locs, twists, and wigs are not only practical for maintaining hair health but are also deeply tied to cultural identity. Yet, despite their significance, they continue to be policed in professional settings. The unspoken question lingers: Do protective styles belong in the workplace? The short answer: Yes. The long answer? Let’s get into it. For decades, Black professionals have been forced to navigate an unwritten dress code that extends beyond clothing. The expectation? Conformity to Eurocentric beauty standards. Straightened hair, sleek ponytails, and discreet weaves are deemed "acceptable," while natural textures and protective styles are scrutinised. Hair bias is so deeply ingrained that studies have shown Black women with natural hairstyles are less likely to be hired than those with straightened hair. The consequences of this are exhausting. Employees find themselves caught between self-expression and career advancement, debating whether a fresh set of box braids will impact how their performance is perceived. The pressure to assimilate can lead to expensive and time-consuming styling choices, often at the cost of hair health and mental well-being. For those working in international careers, whether in corporate consulting, diplomacy, foreign missions, or government, these challenges are magnified. Black professionals navigating multinational environments often find themselves subjected to even more scrutiny, with expectations varying depending on cultural norms and regional biases. In countries where natural Black hair is rarely seen in executive settings, the decision to wear protective styles such cane-rows, braids and twists can feel like a bold act of defiance. As a loc wearer myself, this has got me thinking long and hard about who gets to decide "The Corporate Code". Who decide's what hair styles are professional, and which ones are not? The idea that "professional" hair must be straight or Eurocentric is not just outdated—it’s harmful. It feeds into a culture that equates uniformity with competence, sidelining Black employees who dare to show up as their full selves. But here’s the thing: protective styles are practical, efficient, and versatile. They allow employees to focus on their work without the added stress of daily heat styling or harsh chemicals. For professionals in global-facing roles, this pressure can extend beyond personal choices and seep into diplomacy and representation. In high-stakes environments where image is carefully curated, such as foreign service or political offices, there’s an unspoken expectation to "blend in" rather than stand out. But blending in often means erasing aspects of Black identity to fit within the comfort zones of Western-dominated leadership. So, how do Black professionals reclaim their power and wear their hair with confidence in highly structured international environments? Here are a few strategies: Know your rights and global policies. While hair discrimination laws vary across countries, awareness is key. Research local policies and organisational diversity commitments before accepting international assignments or entering new corporate environments. Set the tone in executive spaces. Confidence is contagious. By wearing protective styles unapologetically in high-level meetings, diplomatic engagements, or consulting presentations, you redefine what professionalism looks like on a global stage. Call out microaggressions strategically. The “can I touch your hair?” questions or the “you've changed your hair again!” comments are exhausting no matter the setting. In international careers, these moments often come from cultural unfamiliarity. Addressing them with humour, directness, or even policy-backed explanations can shift the narrative. Redefine professionalism in multinational spaces. The more Black professionals normalise protective styles in corporate consulting, diplomacy, and politics, the quicker outdated beauty standards will fade. As international workplaces evolve, visible representation matters in setting new norms. A culture shift is long overdue. For companies, embassies, and government offices truly committed to diversity and inclusion, it’s time to go beyond performative statements. Employers must actively foster environments where Black professionals feel seen and valued. This means implementing clear anti-discrimination policies, offering cultural competency training, and ensuring leadership reflects the diversity they claim to support. Workplace culture shifts don’t happen overnight, but they start with individual actions. The more Black professionals embrace their hair unapologetically, the more pressure we put on organisations to catch up. Protective styles belong in every room Black professionals occupy, whether that’s a consulting firm in London, an embassy in Paris, or a high-level diplomatic meeting at the United Nations. So, the next time you’re debating whether to install those waist-length faux locs before a global summit or government briefing, ask yourself: Will this style allow me to show up as my best self? If the answer is yes, then the decision is already made.

/ ˈjem.ən / country / RE: CONFLICT, GEOPOLITICS, HUMANITARIAN, MIDDLE EAST Yemen is a country in the Middle East, located on the southern tip of the Arabian Peninsula, bordered by Saudi Arabia and Oman. It has a long coastline along the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden, near one of the world’s busiest shipping lanes - the Bab al-Mandab Strait - making it strategically important for global trade and maritime security. Yemen is home to several natural resources, including oil and natural gas, which have historically been key to its economy. It also has minerals like gold, zinc, and copper, as well as fertile land in some areas suitable for agriculture. However, much of this potential has been underdeveloped due to conflict, poor infrastructure, and political instability. Yemen remains important in regional and international politics due to its location, resources, and the broader geopolitical interests of neighbouring states and global powers. The country has faced a brutal civil war since 2015, leading to one of the world’s worst humanitarian crises. Yemen’s crisis is deeply linked to global issues such as arms trade, international diplomacy, and the role of humanitarian organisations. It remains a key focus in discussions on conflict resolution, refugee protection, and post-war recovery. | Back to the Encyclopedia

/ ˌzen.əˈfəʊ.bi .ə / terminology / RE: DISCRIMINATION, HUMAN RIGHTS, IMMIGRATION, SOCIETY Xenophobia is the fear, distrust, or dislike of people from other countries or cultures. It often shows up as prejudice, discrimination, or hostility towards immigrants, refugees, or anyone seen as “foreign.” Xenophobia can be expressed through hate speech, exclusionary policies, or everyday acts of bias. This fear is often driven by stereotypes, misinformation, or political narratives that blame outsiders for social or economic problems. While it can exist anywhere, xenophobia tends to rise during periods of crisis, like economic downturns, pandemics, or mass migration. Xenophobia can damage social cohesion and lead to violence or systemic inequality. In international policy and human rights work, it’s widely recognised as a barrier to inclusion, safety, and equality. | Back to the Encyclopedia

/ wɜːld;ˌiː.kəˈnɒ.mɪk;ˈfɔː.rəm / organisation / RE: BUSINESS, DIPLOMACY, ECONOMICS, POLICY The World Economic Forum (WEF) is an international organisation that brings together world leaders, business figures, researchers, and activists to discuss global issues. It’s best known for its yearly meeting in Davos, Switzerland, where people from different sectors gather to talk about big challenges like climate change, the global economy, new technology, and inequality. Founded in 1971, the WEF aims to create a space for countries, companies, and communities to work together and share ideas. It doesn’t make laws or decisions, but it helps set the tone for global conversations and often influences what governments and industries focus on next. While some critics say it mainly benefits the wealthy or powerful, others see it as a useful space to bring different voices to the table and spark new ways of solving complex problems. | Back to the Encyclopedia

/ ˈwɒʃ.ɪŋ.tən ˈmɒn.jʊ.mənt / landmark / RE: HISTORY, MONUMENTS, WASHINGTON DC, UNITED STATES The Washington Monument is a large, white marble obelisk located in Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States. It was built to honour George Washington, the country’s first president and a key leader in the American Revolution. The monument stands over 550 feet (168 metres) tall and is one of the tallest stone structures in the world. It sits at the centre of the National Mall, lined up with other important landmarks like the U.S. Capitol and the Lincoln Memorial. Completed in the late 1800s, the Washington Monument has become a symbol of American history and leadership. Visitors can go inside and take a lift to the top for views across the city. It is often the site of public events, national celebrations, and peaceful protests. | Back to the Encyclopedia

/ ˈvæl.juː ˌtʃeɪn / terminology / RE: DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMICS, EXPORT, PRODUCTION, TRADE A value chain is the full set of steps a product goes through before it reaches the customer, with each step adding value along the way. It includes everything from sourcing raw materials to production, packaging, marketing, and transportation. For example, a bar of chocolate might begin with cocoa grown in Ghana, be processed in the Netherlands, packaged in Poland, and sold in supermarkets across Europe. Each country adds something along the way and benefits differently depending on its role in the chain. In farming, the value chain might begin by planting a seed, followed by growing the crop, harvesting it, processing it into food, packaging it, and finally delivering it to a shop or restaurant. Each of these stages increases the product’s worth, often by improving its quality, usefulness, or appeal to buyers. Understanding the value chain helps businesses spot where they can be more efficient or sustainable. It's also important in global trade and development, where improving local value chains helps countries move beyond exporting raw goods into building industries that can process and sell higher-value products, boosting jobs and income in industries farming, textiles, and manufacturing. | Back to the Encyclopedia

/ juːˌnaɪ.tɪd ˈkɪŋ.dəm / country / RE: BREXIT, DEVOLUTION, DEMOCRACY, EUROPE, POLITICS The United Kingdom (UK) is made up of England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. While they share a single government in Westminster, each nation also has its own identity, traditions, and political voice. Devolved governments in Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland manage local matters like education and health, creating a complex system of shared and separate powers. One of the most defining recent events in UK politics was Brexit—the UK’s departure from the European Union in 2020, following a national referendum in 2016. Brexit sparked major debates about sovereignty, immigration, trade, and what it means to be “British.” It also raised tensions within the UK itself, particularly in Scotland and Northern Ireland, where many voters chose to remain in the EU and where talk of independence or reunification remains active. The UK is also home to deep cultural diversity, regional inequality, and shifting political allegiances. Ongoing issues such as housing, social care, climate action, and post-Brexit trade continue to shape political life and public debate across all four nations. | Back to the Encyclopedia

/ speɪn / country / RE: DEMOCRACY, EUROPE, GEOPOLITICS, GOVERNANCE Spain is a country in southern Europe, located on the Iberian Peninsula and bordered by Portugal, France, and the Mediterranean Sea. Its capital is Madrid, and it includes several autonomous regions, such as Catalonia, Andalusia, and the Basque Country, each with its own culture and identity. Spain is a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy, meaning it has a king as head of state and an elected government that makes laws. The country’s parliament, the Cortes Generales, is made up of two chambers: the Congress of Deputies and the Senate. Spain is a member of the European Union, United Nations, and NATO, and plays an active role in international affairs. It has one of the world’s largest tourism industries, a strong cultural legacy in art, language, and literature, and growing influence in global trade, migration, and climate policy. | Back to the Encyclopedia

/ ˈraɪ.ət / terminology / RE: CIVIL UNREST, CONFLICT, POLITICS, PROTEST, SOCIETY A riot is a violent and chaotic public disturbance, usually involving a large group of people protesting against perceived injustice, political decisions, economic hardship, or social issues. Riots often include clashes with police, damage to property, and disruption to public life. While riots are usually spontaneous, they can also be triggered by long-standing frustrations and deep inequalities. They may start with peaceful protests that escalate or be sparked by a single event—such as a controversial court verdict, police violence, or price increases. Governments often respond with police or military force, which can lead to further tension or unrest. Riots are seen as a breakdown in dialogue between people and institutions and often draw attention to serious underlying problems in society. | Back to the Encyclopedia

/ ˈraɪçs.taːk / institution / RE: DEMOCRACY, EUROPE, GERMANY, GOVERNANCE, HISTORY, POLITICS The Reichstag is a historic and symbolic building in Berlin, Germany. It is the official home of the Bundestag, which is Germany’s federal parliament. Inside the Reichstag, elected members meet to debate laws, approve national policies, and hold the government to account. The building has a long and dramatic history. It was completed in 1894, damaged by fire in 1933, and heavily bombed in World War II. During the Cold War, it sat largely unused because Germany was divided. After reunification in 1990, it was restored and reopened in 1999 with a striking glass dome—designed to represent transparency, openness, and a break from the past. Visitors can walk inside the dome and even look down into the debating chamber below. This open design shows how the public can watch and take part in democracy. The Reichstag stands near the Federal Chancellery, linking it closely with the office of the Chancellor and the heart of German political life. | Back to the Encyclopedia

/ ˈkwaɪ.ət;dɪˈpləʊ.mə.si / terminology / RE: CONFLICT, DIPLOMACY, NEGOTIATION, PEACE BUILDING, POLITICS Quiet diplomacy is the practice of resolving disputes or managing sensitive political issues through private, behind-the-scenes discussions rather than public statements or formal negotiations. It often involves discreet meetings, confidential communication, and informal dialogue between governments, diplomats, or organisations. This approach is commonly used in delicate situations where public pressure might make compromise more difficult—such as peace talks, human rights negotiations, or efforts to de-escalate conflict. By keeping discussions out of the spotlight, quiet diplomacy can help build trust and allow for more flexible, honest exchanges. While it may seem less visible, quiet diplomacy can be highly effective when public confrontation could worsen tensions. It is often used by mediators, international organisations, and regional leaders working to find common ground in high-stakes situations. | Back to the Encyclopedia

/ pəˈliː.sɪŋ / terminology / RE: CRIME, ENFORCEMENT, JUSTICE, GOVERNANCE, LAW, POWER, SOCIETY Policing refers to the activities carried out by police and law enforcement agencies to maintain public order, prevent crime, and protect communities. It includes everything from patrolling streets and responding to emergencies to investigating crimes and enforcing laws. Policing is also shaped by wider issues like social justice, race, accountability, and human rights. Around the world, policing strategies and systems vary, influenced by history, politics, and public attitudes. In many places, there are ongoing debates about the role of policing, use of force, and the need for reform or alternative approaches to community safety. At its best, policing builds trust and protects people. At its worst, it can reflect or reinforce deeper inequalities in society. | Back to the Encyclopedia

/ ˈpɪk.ɪt / terminology / RE: LABOUR, PROTEST, RIGHTS, STRIKE, UNION A picket is a form of protest where workers gather outside a workplace, usually during a strike, to express disagreement with working conditions, pay, or treatment. The aim is to raise awareness, discourage others from entering the premises, and apply pressure on the employer to negotiate or respond to demands. To picket (verb) means to take part in or organise this type of demonstration. Picketing is often used by trade unions as part of collective action, and in many countries, it is a protected form of peaceful protest when done lawfully. Pickets may carry signs, chant slogans, or talk to the public to explain their cause. While most pickets are peaceful, they can sometimes lead to tensions, especially if access to the workplace is blocked or if there are attempts to break the strike. | Back to the Encyclopedia

/ ˈpɜː.mə.nənt ˌrep.rɪ.zenˈteɪ.ʃən / terminology / RE: DIPLOMACY, INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, POLITICS A permanent representation is a country’s official office to an international organisation, such as the European Union (EU) or the United Nations (UN). It works like an embassy, but instead of being based in another country, it is based within the organisation’s headquarters and focuses on representing that country’s views and interests in global discussions. People working in permanent representations - led by a Permanent Representative, who is a senior diplomat - attend meetings, help negotiate agreements, and stay involved in daily decisions on issues like trade, security, the environment, and human rights. These offices help ensure that a country has a voice in shaping international policies and that decisions made at the global level take national priorities into account. Permanent representations also keep their home governments updated on what’s happening in international organisations. | Back to the Encyclopedia

/ ˈpɑː.lɪ.mənt əv ˈhʌŋ.ɡəri / institution / RE: DEMOCRACY, EUROPE, GOVERNANCE, HUNGARY, POLITICS The Parliament of Hungary is the country’s unicameral national legislature, meaning it has just one chamber. It is based in Budapest, the capital, and is made up of 199 members, elected by the public every four years through a mixed voting system combining direct votes and party lists. This parliament is responsible for making and amending laws, approving the national budget, and overseeing the work of the government. It plays a central role in shaping policies on education, healthcare, economy, and national security. Hungary follows a parliamentary system, meaning the Prime Minister is chosen from the majority party or coalition in Parliament and leads the government. The President of Hungary has a more ceremonial role, though they also sign laws and represent the country abroad. The Parliament meets in one of Europe’s most iconic buildings, located on the banks of the Danube River. With its Gothic Revival architecture and symbolic role in Hungarian identity, it serves as both a functioning legislature and a national landmark. | Back to the Encyclopedia

/ ˈpæl.əs əv ˈwest.mɪn.stər / institution / RE: DEMOCRACY, GOVERNANCE, PARLIAMENT, POLITICS, UNITED KINGDOM The Palace of Westminster is the building in London where the UK Parliament meets. It is home to the House of Commons and the House of Lords, the two chambers that debate and pass laws. The building sits along the River Thames and is one of the most iconic political landmarks in the world. This is where Members of Parliament (MPs) and Lords meet to discuss national issues—from healthcare and the economy to education and climate policy. The Palace also hosts official events like the State Opening of Parliament, where the King delivers a speech outlining the government’s plans. The building includes the famous Elizabeth Tower, which holds the bell known as Big Ben. Although the Palace looks historic, it is still a working centre of government that represents the heart of British democracy. | Back to the Encyclopedia

/ ˈmɑː.kɪt ʃeə(r) / terminology / RE: BUSINESS, COMPETITION, ECONOMICS, INDUSTRY, STRATEGY Market share refers to the percentage of total sales in a specific industry or market that is earned by a particular company or product. It shows how dominant or competitive a business is compared to its rivals and is usually measured over a set period of time. For example, if a mobile phone brand makes 1 in every 5 phones sold in a country, it has a 20% market share in that market. Companies often try to grow their market share by improving their products, cutting prices, or expanding into new regions. Think of the market like a pie—market share is the slice a company gets. The bigger the slice, the more influence and revenue the company has. Understanding market share helps explain who’s leading in an industry and how businesses compete for customers. | Back to the Encyclopedia

/ ˌɒp.əˈzɪʃ.ən / terminology / RE: DEMOCRACY, GOVERNANCE, POLITICS, POWER, REPRESENTATION In politics, the opposition refers to the political parties or groups that are not currently in power or part of the governing body. Their role is to question, challenge, and scrutinise the decisions of the government, while offering alternative policies and viewpoints. In many democracies, the opposition also plays a formal role in parliamentary debate and oversight. The main opposition party is usually the largest party outside the government and is often seen as the alternative government-in-waiting. It may have a leader of the opposition, shadow ministers, and specific responsibilities for challenging different areas of policy. A strong and active opposition is key to a healthy democracy. It helps prevent the abuse of power, keeps public debate alive, and ensures that multiple perspectives are considered in national decision-making. | Back to the Encyclopedia